With the widespread application of information technology in universities, the data volume of application systems has experienced explosive growth, making data security and governance a crucial challenge in the digital transformation of higher education institutions. By analyzing the characteristics of university data including multi-source heterogeneity, privacy sensitivity, rapid growth, and dynamic variability, this study identifies key problems such as disorganized management system, outdated security technologies, high-risk data processing procedures, and inadequate regulatory frameworks. The paper proposes targeted data governance strategies including improving data security management systems, strengthening classification-based and hierarchical data protection, and raising security awareness education. These strategies aim to provide theoretical support and practical references for establishing a comprehensive and effective data security and governance framework in universities, ensuring stable operation of teaching, research, and administrative activities, and promoting sustainable informatization development in higher education.