In response to the disconnection between theory and practice in current pharmacology graduate education, and based on constructivist learning theory with a situational learning model, this study established a practice-oriented teaching framework guided by new drug research and development(R&D). A training system characterized by “project-driven, problem-oriented, and multidisciplinary integration” has been established. By aligning with public resources and university-enterprise collaboration projects, the entire new drug R&D process is segmented into sub-tasks such as target validation, compound optimization, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics. Through problem-driven approaches and interdisciplinary integration, the advanced thinking abilities of graduate students are enhanced. After seven years of implementation, this system has effectively integrated pharmaceutical theory with practice, improved students' scientific skills and pharmacological thinking, and provided theoretical foundations and practical paradigms for reforming pharmacology graduate training. Assessments through faculty scoring and process evaluations indicate a significant improvement in students' comprehensive competencies and satisfactory completion of project reports. This model offers a new pathway for cultivating interdisciplinary pharmacology talents aligned with the high-quality development needs of China’s pharmaceutical industry.